The prime factorization of a number: finding the prime numbers that multiply together to make that number.

165 = 3 × 5 × 11
165 is not a prime number but a composite one.

2,012 = 2² × 503
2,012 is not a prime number but a composite one.

* The natural numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves are called prime numbers. A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself.
* A composite number is a natural number that has at least one other factor than 1 and itself.

Multiply all the prime factors of the two numbers, taken by the largest exponents (largest powers).

lcm (165; 2,012) = 2² × 3 × 5 × 11 × 503

This algorithm involves the process of dividing numbers and calculating the remainders.

'a' and 'b' are the two natural numbers, 'a' >= 'b'.

Divide 'a' by 'b' and get the remainder of the operation, 'r'.

If 'r' = 0, STOP. 'b' = the gcf (hcf, gcd) of 'a' and 'b'.

Else: Replace ('a' by 'b') and ('b' by 'r'). Return to the step above.

Step 1. Divide the larger number by the smaller one:
2,012 ÷ 165 = 12 + 32

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Step 2. Divide the smaller number by the above operation's remainder:
165 ÷ 32 = 5 + 5

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Step 3. Divide the remainder of the step 1 by the remainder of the step 2:
32 ÷ 5 = 6 + 2

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Step 4. Divide the remainder of the step 2 by the remainder of the step 3:
5 ÷ 2 = 2 + 1

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Step 5. Divide the remainder of the step 3 by the remainder of the step 4:
2 ÷ 1 = 2 + 0

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At this step, the remainder is zero, so we stop:
1 is the number we were looking for - the last non-zero remainder.
This is the greatest (highest) common factor (divisor).

The greatest (highest) common factor (divisor):
gcf, hcf, gcd (165; 2,012) = 1

The least common multiple, Formula:

lcm (a; b) = ^{(a × b)} / _{gcf, hcf, gcd (a; b)}

Once you've calculated the greatest common factor of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction, it becomes much easier to fully reduce (simplify) the fraction to the lowest terms (the smallest possible numerator and denominator).

By definition, the least common multiple of two numbers is the smallest natural number that is: (1) greater than 0 and (2) a multiple of both numbers.